ABSTRACT
Background: Physiological changes occur during pregnancy. These changes include metabolic, hematologic, cardiovascular, renal, and respiratory changes. In some cases, these changes may alter and lead to complications which result in adverse pregnancy outcomes. In India, hypothyroidism in pregnancy has a prevalence of 4.8–11%. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of hypothyroidism in pregnant women at 12–16 weeks of gestation. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was planned on pregnant women attending the ANC clinic of Outpatient Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at K.L. E’S Dr Prabhakar Kore Hospital and Medical Research Center Belagavi. Serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) was estimated in the study participants. Serum TSH levels >4.5 ?IU/ml were labeled as hypothyroid pregnant women. Results: In our study, the prevalence of hypothyroidism was observed to be 8.68%. Conclusion: Hence, we conclude that all pregnant women should be screened for hypothyroidism at earlier weeks of gestation.
ABSTRACT
Background: Hypothyroidism is known to interfere with the metabolism of all the cells in the body, particularly fat metabolism inadipose tissue. This, in turn, leads to obesity. Body mass index (BMI) is widely used to assess obesity and metabolic syndrome.Obesity leads to a higher incidence of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.Materials and Methods: Twenty-five hypothyroid subjects were enrolled (study group) from the Department of Endocrinologyand Metabolism, Govt. Rajaji Hospital attached to the Madurai Medical College, Madurai. Twenty-five normal subjects whowere age- and sex-matched with the study group were enrolled to form the control group. Serum levels of thyroid-stimulatinghormone (TSH), total circulating T4, and total circulating T3 were measured by radioimmunoassay to confirm hypothyroidism.Height and weight were measured using a stadiometer and weighing scale, BMI was calculated using Quetelet’s index formula.Results and Conclusion: The results were tabulated and analyzed by applying unpaired t-test and SPSS software version16.0. BMI values of the study group and control group were compared, but there was no statistical significance. BMI valueswhen compared with serum TSH levels within the same group, the Pearson correlation coefficient also showed no statisticalsignificance.
ABSTRACT
Background: Hypothyroidism has been known to be associated with changes in systemic arterial blood pressure. Diastolicblood pressure (DBP) is known to be elevated causing proportionate reduction in pulse pressure.Aim: The aim of the study is to find out the correlation between systolic blood pressure (SBP), DBP, pulse pressure (PP), andmean arterial pressure of hypothyroid patients and normal individuals.Materials and Methods: This case–control study was conducted in Government Rajaji Hospital attached to Madurai MedicalCollege, Madurai. Twenty-five hypothyroid subjects were enrolled for the study (study group) from the department of endocrinologyand metabolism. Twenty-five normal subjects who were age and sex matched with the study group were enrolled for the study(control group). Serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were estimated in all the subjects. Arterial blood pressure wasrecorded in all the subjects in the sitting posture and the results obtained. The results are tabulated and analyzed by applyingunpaired “t” test.Results and Conclusion: Among the blood pressure parameters, only PP showed a positive correlation between the studygroup and control group. SBP, DBP, and mean arterial blood pressure showed no significance.
ABSTRACT
Background: Thyroid dysfunction has been subject of academical and therapeutically interest not only to the endocrinologist but also to the disciplines of medicine. Statistical data and studies on hypothyroidism are scanty, clinical picture is varied, investigations are usually not available at all levels and therefore to enlarge clinical profile of hypothyroidism minimal base line investigation, clinical approach and effects of replacement therapy and complications are to be studied.Methods: Observational cross-sectional study conducted among patients with hypothyroidism registered at the Air Force Central Medical Establishment (AFCME) New Delhi.Results: Among 50 patients with hypothyroidism were enrolled in this study during the study period. Idiopathic hypothyroidism was present in 98% patients while only one patient (2%) had Hashimotto’s thyroiditis. Generalized weakness was the commonest presenting symptom followed by lethargy and anorexia. Thyroid swelling was diffuse in nature with no predilection to right or left lobe enlargement. Hypertension (40%) and ischemic heart diseases (36%) were the most common comorbid condition. Mean serum TSH was elevated while serum T3 and T4 values were reduced. Antithyroid antibody titre was positive in more than seventy percentage of patients. X-ray among patients revealed cardiomegaly in ten patients (20%), pulmonary Koch’s in (4%) of patient and in rest of patients x-ray chest PA view was normal. ECG changes showed low voltage on electrocardiogram in (20%) of patients and sinus bradycardia in (24%) of patients. Most of the patients were put on replacement therapy (L. thyroxine) in dose of 1.6 - 1.7 mcg/kg/day.Conclusions: Hypothyroidism as a clinical entity is common between 4th and 6th decade of life and seen more among females. Though etiology remained unknown in majority of the patients, weakness, and lethargy were the common clinical presentation.